The simplest units of carbohydrates and the simplest form of sugar are known as monosaccharides. These are the building units of the complex molecules of carbohydrates known to be disaccharides and polysaccharides. Apparently, they are normally colorless, they can be easily dissolved in water, and apparently looks just like the crystal-like substances. The monosaccharide glucose is present in a high content in the Molasses. Cherries contain the monosaccharide fructose, and yogurt contains the monosaccharide galactose.
(Answer 2 points 5)
A disaccharide is a bit complex form of carbohydrates and these molecules are formed by 2 monosaccharides, that are joined by a glycosidic bond. The most common disaccharides that are commonly used are sucrose that is formed by the glycosidic linkage between the glucose and fructose. Structurally we can say that these are the products of a condensation reaction between two monosaccharides.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are made up of nucleic acids. The nucleic acids are the vehicles of genetic inheritance that are usually found in the nucleus of the living cells. Nucleic acids are made when the nucleotides are connected through the phosphodiester linkages between the 5' and 3' carbon atoms. These are polymers of individual nucleotide monomers.
(Answer 6 points 5)
The molecules that have the different structural formula but the same chemical formula are known as isomers. Isomers explain the relationship between molecular arrangements that, although differing in chemical or physical properties. Chemical reactions in which one isomer is transformed into different are called isomerizations. A rapid equilibrium that cannot be easily isolated involved by isomerization is known as tautomerization.
When the amino acids connect to each other by a peptide bond in a form of three-dimensional structure they form a polymer that is known as protein. Proteins are formed at the end central dogma by the process of transcription and translation. Proteins are present in four types of structural configurations such as primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary. The simplest form of protein structure is called the primary structure.
The biochemical molecules that are used as a catalyst to catalyze and to enhance the reactivity of the chemical reaction are known as the enzymes. Enzymes naturally occurring proteins that are used to catalyze any kind of biochemical reactions. In order to function, many enzymes need the help of cofactors or coenzymes. Many enzymes perform their function by lowering the energy of activation of reactions.
