C. This was a war seen by the Philippinos as a continuation of their independence while it was seen by the american government as an insurrection. The Philippines have been fighting the Spanish Empire since 1896, when the Katiputian (an anti-colonist organization) was discovered by Spanish authorities, leading to 2 years of conflict that ended only when the Treaty of Paris, that ended the Spanish Empire as it was known, ceding the overseas territories of Puerto Rico, Guam and Philippines to the United States.
Even though the Philippinos saw this as a continuation of their fight towards independence, since their country was still owned by other nation than their own, the U.S. saw their continued resistance as an act of insurrection; the Battle of Manila was the initial confrontation of what would scalate to be the Philippine-American war.