Proteins can be unfolded, or denatured, by agents that alter the balance of weak noncovalent forces that maintain the native conformation. How would the following agents cause a protein to denature? Be specific about the type of intermolecular forces that would be affected.

a) heat
b) pH
c) amphiphilic detergents
d) reducing agents such as 2-mercaptoethanol (HSCH2CH2OH)