Answer:
increase in xenophobia and intolerance between Christians and Muslims, and between Christians and Jews, heretics and pagans.
Explanation:
Pope Urban II called for all Christians to unite and fight the Muslims to regain control of the Holy lands. After four Crusades, the Muslims won control of the Holy Lands.
Ultimately the Crusades failed to create the Holy Land that was part of Christendom, but in the process they changed the western world forever. Rather than defeating the Muslims, the Crusades provoked a Muslim backlash.
Jerusalem was conquered by the Christian First Crusade in 1099, after it had been under Muslim rule for 450 years. It became the capital of the Christian Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, until it was again conquered by the Ayyubids in 1187.
