Answer and Explanation:
1. The journal entry is shown below:
Retained earnings Dr (40,000 shares × 16% × $20) $128,000
To Common stock (40,000 shares × 16% × $8) $51,200
To Paid in capital in excess of par value - common stock $76,800
(Being the declaration and the stock distribution is recorded)
2. Since the retained earnings is debited which reduced the equity by $128,000 but at the same time it also increased the equity via common stock and paid in capital by $128,000 so the overall effect should be NIL or zero
Also the assets and liabilities remains unaffected