A congresswoman from a state with several tire factories argues that the government should impose a tariff on tires because they are a necessary input into the production of various weapons. Free trade, she contends, would make the United States overly dependent on foreign countries for the supply of tires and thus, in case of war, unable to make enough weapons to defend itself. Which of the following justifications is the senator using to argue for the trade restriction on semiconductors?

a. Infant-industry argument
b. Using-protection-as-a-bargaining-chip argument
c. Jobs argument
d. Unfair-competition argument
e. National-security argument