A concentration gradient across respiration surfaces is needed so that oxygen can diffuse in, and carbon dioxide can diffuse out; option A.
A concentration gradient is a difference in the concentration of molecule of substances across two regions or across a barrier.
A concentration gradient is necessary for diffusion of molecules of substances from one region to another.
Across respiratory surfaces, a concentration gradient is required in order for the gases to diffusion across the membranes from regions of high concentration to regions of lower concentration.
In conclusion, a concentration gradient is required for effective gaseous exchange across respiratory surfaces.
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