To answer this question we need to remember how each type of limiting factor works. In the case of Density-dependent limiting factors, we have that generate that the individual growth rate change with population size (logistic growth), these factors affect the growth rate per capita, and decreases as population increase, some examples are predation or parasites. Meanwhile, Density-independent limiting factors, affect the individual growth rate regardless of the population size, that is to say, the population size is not regulated by these mechanisms, in consequence, they can cause abrupt and erratic shifts in population size, some examples are earthquakes, floods, etc. Therefore we can say that the correct answer is density-independent factors.
