Answer:
Option A, D, and F; family history, being male, and increasing age
Explanation:
Non-modifiable risk factors of any condition are unchangeable aspects of a patient's life that unfortunately may predispose them to a certain condition, disease, or disorder. When it comes to heart conditions and specifically coronary artery disease (CAD), these types of risk factors can include one's age, biological sex, and family history.
With increasing age comes increasing risk of arterial vasoconstriction and vascular damage because these tissues are no longer as elastic as they were in younger bodies.
Being assigned male at birth generally comes with an increased risk of CAD. As of 2023, it is still the leading cause of death in people assigned female at birth however, so the patients much also be educated about their risk.
When it comes to family history, if someone in the patient's family has experienced CAD, the patient's likelihood also increases, especially if their father or brother had it before 55 years old or their mother or sister had it before age 65.
Why Not Other Choices:
Low blood HDL (and, conversely, high blood LDL) can be improved by making healthy dietary changes. With good nutrition, the patient can increase their "good" cholesterol (HDL) while decreasing their "bad" cholesterol (LDL) which in turn decreases their risk for atherosclerosis and heart disease. Physical inactivity can be improved by, of course, implementing exercise into one's weekly regimen -- 30 minutes of walking 5 days a week can be recommended to decrease risk. Lastly, cessation of smoking can aid in dilating vessels, lowering cardiac workload and lowering risk of heart conditions.
